Can a passenger refused entry due to lack of papers claim a refund from the airline?

A relative of mine traveled to Spain with a Turkish passport from South America. She didn't knew she needed a visa for Spain and was allowed boarding by the airline.
Upon arrival she was held in a "detention room" uncommunicated for 24 hours (she was treated well by Spanish authorities though) until she was deported for failing to have the correct documents. As standard procedure she was assigned a lawyer who told her that airlines pay penalties when this happens.
My question is, can she request a refund for being allowed boarding despite being inadmissible?
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Can I get a refund if I was denied boarding?
Where involuntary denied boarding occurs, your air carrier must offer you the choice between; re-routing as soon as possible; re-routing at a later date at your convenience; and. a refund of the full cost of the unused flight ticket.Do airlines have to refund due to Covid?
Airlines and ticket agents have a legal obligation to provide refunds to consumers if the airline cancels or significantly changes a consumer's flight. However, in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, airlines had difficulty processing the significant volume of refund requests that they received.Can an airline refuse a passenger?
Yes unfortunately airlines can refuse boarding or remove a passenger from a plane for any reason at all. Even of the passenger has paid full fare for the ticket. Passengers do not have many rights when it comes to being on an airline.What happens if you are denied boarding?
This is called \u201cdenied boarding compensation\u201d or \u201cDBC\u201d for short. Most bumped passengers who experience short delays on flights will receive compensation equal to double the one-way price of the flight they were bumped from, but airlines may limit this amount to up to $775.How a BC passenger refused a travel voucher for a cancelled flight and got her money back (Global)
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